Konsep Shamanism Dalam Hadith dan Implikasinya Terhadap Fenomena Perbomohan Kontemporari di Kelantan
The Concept of Shamanism in Hadith and Its Implications for Contemporary Shamanistic Practices in Kelantan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53840/ejpi.v12i3.268Keywords:
Shamanism, Hadith, Traditional Healing, Kelantan, Islamic Medicine, Syncretism, Faith, RuqyahAbstract
Kajian ini menganalisis konsep shamanism dari perspektif Hadith dan mengkaji fenomena perbomohan kontemporari di Kelantan. Permasalahan utama yang diteliti adalah kewujudan amalan perbomohan yang melibatkan ritual dan jampi yang tidak jelas sumbernya daripada al-Quran dan Hadith, sering kali berpotensi mengandungi unsur syirik. Ini menimbulkan cabaran besar dalam membezakan antara pengubatan Islam yang sahih dengan amalan yang menyimpang, khususnya dalam usaha memurnikan akidah masyarakat. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metodologi kepustakaan, berfokus kepada analisis Hadith tematik dan rujukan akademik. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa hadith secara jelas melarang amalan yang melibatkan syirik, perdukunan (kahānah), pertenungan (‘irrāfah), dan sihir yang bertentangan dengan prinsip tauhid. Meskipun fenomena perbomohan di Kelantan telah mengalami transformasi, termasuk usaha “Islamisasi,” masih terdapat elemen-elemen yang bercanggah dengan ajaran Islam. Untuk menangani cabaran ini, satu kerangka penilaian berasaskan hadith sahih dicadangkan bagi membezakan amalan yang dibenarkan dan yang dilarang, terutamanya dalam konteks akidah dan ibadah. Kajian ini menyumbang secara signifikan kepada korpus ilmu dalam bidang pengajian hadith dan antropologi Islam, khususnya di Malaysia, serta menyediakan asas teoretikal untuk penggubal dasar dalam merangka garis panduan berkaitan pengamal perubatan tradisional, sekali gus memelihara akidah masyarakat daripada amalan yang bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam.
Downloads
References
Abdullah, S. (2009). Abdullah, S., & Noor, J. (2020). Methodology of Application of Shamanic Practice in Malay Community. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(4), 254–261. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i4/7124
Abdullah, S., & Muhammad, S. (2020). Methodology of Application of Shamanic Practice in Malay Community. The International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i4/7124.
Abū Dāwūd, S. ibn al-Ashʻath. (2009). Sunan Abī Dāwūd. Beirut, Dār al-Risālah al-ʻĀlamiyyah.
Adhikari, K. P. (2024). Practice of Shamanism: Traditional Healing Practices and Contemporary Transformations in Khandacakra Municipality, Kalikot. Academia Research Journal, 4(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.3126/academia.v4i1.73350
Ahmad bin Hanbal. (2001). Musnad al-Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal. Beirut, Muassasah al-Risalah.
Ahmad, M. A. A., Abidin, M. Z. Z., Hashim, M. R., & Yusof, M. N. (2016). Pengubatan Islam: Aplikasi Ruqyah Syariah dan Isu-Isu Kontemporari. Jurnal Usuluddin, 43(1), 1-20.
Al-Aẓīm Ābādī, Muḥammad Ashraf. (1994). Awn al-Ma’būd Sharḥ Sunan Abī Dāwūd. Beirut, Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Bukhari, M. I. (2001). Sahih al-Bukhari. Dar Tawq al-Najah.
Al-Khaṭṭānī, Ḥamad bin Muḥammad. (1932). Ma’ālim al-Sunan. Halab, al-Maktabah al-‘Ilmiyyah.
Al-Munāwī, ‘Abd al-Ra’ūf bin Taj al-Din. (1936). Fayḍ al-Qadīr Sharḥ al-Jāmi’ al-Ṣaghīr. Mesir, Maktabah al-Tijariah al-Kubra.
Al-Nawawī, Yaḥyā bin Sharaf. (1972). Sharḥ al-Nawawī ‘alā Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim. Beirut, Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-‘Arabī.
Al-Qaradawi, Y. (1994). Kaifa Nata’amalu ma’a al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyah. Karisma.
Al-Shawkāni, Muḥammad bin ‘Ali. (1993). Nayl al-Awṭār. Kaherah, Dar al-Ḥadīth.
Al-Tirmidhī, M. ibn ʻĪsá. (1975). Al-Jāmiʻ al-kabīr (Sunan al-Tirmidhī). Beirut, Dār Iḥyā’ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī.
Bao, J., Harvey, S., Currell, E. A., Brett, C., Mehta, M. A., Newcombe, S., Bowden, H., Luhrmann, T. M., Peters, E., & Deeley, Q. (2024). Investigating altered self-experiences in spiritualist mediumship and their relation to psychiatric phenomenology: a qualitative analysis. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/hrma5
Briggs, L. P. (1951). The Syncretism of Religions in Southeast Asia, Especially in the Khmer Empire. Journal of the American Oriental Society, 71(4), 230. https://doi.org/10.2307/596106
Clark, J. (2005). The Shamanic Journey.
Daud, H. (2001). Mantera Melayu: Analisis Pemikiran. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Daud, H. (2010). Oral traditions in malaysia a discussion of shamanism. Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia, 12(1), 181. https://doi.org/10.17510/wjhi.v12i1.84
Deweese, D. (2016). Islamization and Native Religion in the Golden Horde: Baba Tükles and Conversion to Islam in Historical and Epic Tradition.
Deweese, D. A. (2016). Shamanism and Islam: Sufism, Healing Rituals and Spirits in the Muslim World. The International Journal of Turkish Studies, 22, 200. https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-4321779475/shamanism-and-islam-sufism-healing-rituals-and-spirits
Erasiah, E., Dalela, R., Ardy, M. S., & Dewi, S. K. (2023). Kelantan the little mecca: its influence on the archipelago’s 15th-19th century islamic civilisation to the present day. Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, 21(1), 125-156. https://doi.org/10.31291/jlka.v21i1.1110
Ibn Mājah, M. ibn Yazīd. (2009). Sunan Ibn Mājah. Beirut, Dār al-Risālah al-ʻĀlamiyyah.
Marie, N., Lafon, Y., Bicego, A., Grégoire, C., Rousseaux, F., Bioy, A., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., & Gosseries, O. (2024). Scoping review on shamanistic trances practices. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-024-04678-w
Mokhtar, R. A., & Sa’ari, C. Z. B. (2015). Konsep Sinkretisme Menurut Perspektif Islam: Syncretism in Islamic Perspective. 17(1), 51–78. https://doi.org/10.22452/AFKAR.VOL17NO1.3
Nasir, K., Zaman, R. K., Azid, M. A. A., & Hussain, A. A. (2022). Practice of shamanism among ethnic muslim religion in pitas, sabah: assessment according islamic perspective. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies, 8(2), 154-169. https://doi.org/10.24191/jcis.v8i2.11
Omar, I. A. (2025). Sufi Masters and the Creation of Saintly Spheres in Medieval Syria. Journal of Medieval Religious Cultures, 51(1), 108–111. https://doi.org/10.5325/jmedirelicult.51.1.0108
Rehn, J. (2024). Possession and the Soul in the Context of New Shamanism. 388–403. https://doi.org/10.1093/9780197679951.003.0021
Szombathy, Z. (2018). Shamanism and islam: sufism, healing rituals and spirits in the muslim world edited by thierry zarcone and angela hobart. Journal of Islamic Studies, 30(2), 240-243. https://doi.org/10.1093/jis/ety028
Tamang, A. (2025). The Shaman Culture of North East India: A Tapestry of Tradition and Spirituality. 16(1). https://doi.org/10.71097/ijsat.v16.i1.1423
Tamang, A. (2025). The Shaman Culture of North East India: A Tapestry of Tradition and Spirituality. 16(1). https://doi.org/10.71097/ijsat.v16.i1.1423
Winkelman, M. (2024). Shamanism and Psychedelic, Religious, Spiritual, and Mystical Experiences. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780192844064.013.37
Zabidi, Z. (2020). Khurafat, tahyul & mistik di alam Melayu. PTS Publishing House Sdn. Bhd..
Zainudin, W. Z. N., Kawangit, R. M., Don, A. G., & Yahya, S. A. (2024). Asimilasi Budaya Mualaf dengan Orang Melayu di Kelantan. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 14(2), 188–204. https://doi.org/10.7187/gjat122024-13
Zarcone, T., & Hobart, A. (2013). Shamanism and Islam : Sufism, healing rituals and spirits in the Muslim world. I.B. Tauris. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BB12859937
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
